The administration of President Donald Trump has adopted by means of with a menace to sanction officers on the International Criminal Court (ICC), naming 4 judges whom it accuses of taking “illegitimate and baseless actions” in opposition to america and its allies.
On Thursday, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio introduced the sanctions in a sharply worded written statement.
“The ICC is politicized and falsely claims unfettered discretion to analyze, cost, and prosecute nationals of america and our allies,” Rubio wrote.
“This harmful assertion and abuse of energy infringes upon the sovereignty and nationwide safety of america and our allies, together with Israel.”
The 4 sanctioned judges embody Solomy Balungi Bossa of Uganda, Luz del Carmen Ibanez Carranza of Peru, Reine Adelaide Sophie Alapini Gansou of Benin and Beti Hohler of Slovenia.
Because of the sanctions, the judges will see their US-based property and property blocked. US-based entities are additionally forbidden from participating in transactions with them, together with by means of the “provision of funds, items or providers”.
The ICC shortly issued a press release in response, saying it stood behind its judges and “deplores” the Trump administration’s determination.
“These measures are a transparent try to undermine the independence of a global judicial establishment which operates underneath the mandate from 125 States Events from all corners of the globe,” the statement mentioned.
“Focusing on these working for accountability does nothing to assist civilians trapped in battle. It solely emboldens those that imagine they’ll act with impunity.”
Who’re the judges?
In a fact sheet, the State Division defined that Bossa and Ibanez Carranza have been sanctioned for authorising an investigation into US troops in Afghanistan in 2020, throughout Trump’s first time period as president.
Beforehand, the ICC had blocked a request to probe alleged struggle crimes and crimes in opposition to humanity in Afghanistan, the place the US had been main a slow-grinding struggle from 2001 to 2021.
But it surely reversed course the next 12 months, granting a prosecutor’s request to analyze US forces and members of the Central Intelligence Company (CIA) for struggle crimes in “secret detention amenities” in Afghanistan and elsewhere.
Afghanistan, the courtroom famous, was a member of the Rome Statute, which incorporates the 125 nations the place the ICC has jurisdiction.
However the Trump administration on the time blasted the courtroom’s determination, calling the ICC a “political establishment masquerading as a authorized physique”. It has lengthy argued that the US, which isn’t get together to the Rome Statute, lies exterior the ICC’s jurisdiction.
One other nation that isn’t a member of the Rome Statute is Israel, which has used comparable arguments to reject the ICC’s energy over its actions in Palestine.
The second pair of judges named in Thursday’s sanctions — Alapini Gansou and Hohler — have been sanctioned for his or her actions in opposition to Israeli leaders, based on the US State Division.
The US is Israel’s oldest ally, having been the primary to recognise the nation in 1948. It has since supplied Israel sturdy help, together with for its ongoing struggle in Gaza, which has killed an estimated 54,607 Palestinians to date.
Consultants on the United Nations and human rights organisations have in contrast Israel’s army marketing campaign in Gaza to a genocide, as studies proceed to emerge of alleged human rights abuses.
In November 2024, these accusations spurred the ICC to issue arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Israeli Defence Minister Yoav Gallant, who’ve each been accused of struggle crimes in Gaza, together with intentional assaults on civilians.
Alapini Gansou and Hohler reportedly took half in these proceedings.
Has this occurred earlier than?
This isn’t the primary time that the US has issued restrictions in opposition to an ICC official since Trump returned to workplace for a second time period on January 20.
Shortly after taking workplace, Trump issued a broad executive order threatening anybody who participates in ICC investigations with sanctions. Critics warned that such sweeping language may pervert the course of justice, for instance by dissuading witnesses from coming ahead with proof.
However Trump argued that the current arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant necessitated such measures.
He additionally claimed that the US and Israel have been “thriving democracies” that “strictly adhere to the legal guidelines of struggle” and that the ICC’s investigations threatened army members with “harassment, abuse and attainable arrest”.
“This malign conduct in flip threatens to infringe upon the sovereignty of america and undermines the important nationwide safety and international coverage work of america Authorities and our allies, together with Israel,” the chief order mentioned.
Underneath that order, the US sanctioned ICC prosecutor Karim Khan, who had petitioned the courtroom for the arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant. That, in flip, slowed the investigation into Israel’s actions in Gaza, and Khan later stepped away from his position amid allegations of sexual misconduct.
However Trump has a historical past of opposing the ICC, stretching again to his first time period. In 2019, for example, Trump introduced his administration would deny or yank visas for ICC officers concerned in investigating US troops in Afghanistan.
Then, in 2020, he sanctioned ICC prosecutor Fatou Bensouda and a courtroom official named Phakiso Mochochoko for his or her involvement within the investigation. These actions have been later overturned underneath President Joe Biden.
Critics, nonetheless, warn that Trump’s actions may have dire penalties over the long run for the ICC, which depends on its member nations to execute orders like arrest warrants. The courtroom itself has called for an finish to the threats.
