Uganda is gearing up for basic elections in January 2026 – the seventh since President Yoweri Museveni got here to energy in 1986. As within the lead-up to earlier polls, repression is on the rise. This time, nonetheless, it has prolonged past Uganda’s personal borders.
On November 16, 2024, opposition politician Kizza Besigye and his aide Obeid Lutale have been kidnapped in Nairobi, Kenya. 4 days later, they resurfaced in Uganda’s capital Kampala arraigned in a army courtroom on safety expenses. Rendered to Uganda, in clear violation of worldwide legal guidelines prohibiting extraordinary rendition and due course of, the 2 civilians confronted army justice.
Outraged by this militarisation of justice, Besigye and Lutale attracted a 40-strong defence staff led by Martha Karua, Kenya’s former minister of justice.
If the state antics have been supposed to silence dissenting voices, they’ve carried out simply the alternative. Removed from dissuading others from talking up, these trials have sparked a nationwide dialog on human rights and the position of the army.
Uganda’s Chief of Defence Forces (CDF), Basic Muhoozi Kainerugaba, Museveni’s son, has usually commented on Besigye’s case on X. Broadly seen as a possible successor to his ageing father, Kainerugaba heads a political stress group, the Patriotic League of Uganda (PLU), regardless of laws at present prohibiting serving army officers from involvement in partisan politics.
Since 2016, Uganda’s Supreme Courtroom had delayed ruling on a case, introduced by Michael Kabaziguruka, a former member of parliament, difficult the trial of civilians earlier than army courts. Kabaziguruka, who was accused of treason, argued that his trial in a army tribunal violated truthful trial rights. As a civilian, he contended he was not topic to army legislation. Besigye and Lutale’s case gave renewed impetus to this.
On January 31, 2025, the Supreme Courtroom dominated that making an attempt civilians in army courts is unconstitutional, ordering that every one ongoing or pending prison trials involving civilians should instantly cease and be transferred to abnormal courts.
Regardless of this ruling, President Museveni and his son have vowed to proceed utilizing army courts in civilian trials. Besigye went on starvation strike for 10 days in protest towards delays in transferring his case to an abnormal courtroom. The case has now change into a litmus check for Uganda’s army justice system forward of the 2026 elections.
Besigye and Lutale should not the one opposition politicians to face army justice. Tens of supporters of the Nationwide Unity Platform (NUP), led by Robert Kyagulanyi, popularly often known as Bobi Wine, have been convicted by army courts for varied offences. These embody carrying NUP’s trademark purple berets and different celebration apparel that authorities claimed resembled army uniforms, regardless of their distinct variations. Quite a few lesser-known political activists are dealing with expenses in army courts, too.
Over 1,000 civilians have been prosecuted in Uganda’s army courts since 2002 for offences similar to homicide and armed theft.
For context, in 2005, the state amended the UPDF Act to create a authorized framework which allowed the army to strive civilians in army courts. It was no coincidence that these amendments occurred because the army was making an attempt civilians arrested between 2001 and 2004, together with Kizza Besigye.
Navy trials of civilians flout worldwide and regional requirements. They open potentialities of a flurry of human rights violations, together with coerced confessions, opaque processes, unfair trials and executions.
Attempting civilians in army courts violates Article 7 of the African Constitution on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the 2001 Ideas and Pointers on Truthful Trial and Authorized Help in Africa. The African Fee on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the area’s premier human rights physique, has lengthy condemned their practice in Uganda.
Opposition to army justice has not simply come from the same old quarters. Spiritual leaders expressed concern about Besigye’s continued detention after the Supreme Courtroom ruling, as did Anita Amongst, speaker of Uganda’s Parliament and member of the ruling Nationwide Resistance Motion (NRM), who remarked: “Injustice to anybody is injustice to everyone. At present it’s taking place to Dr Besigye, tomorrow it should occur to any considered one of us”.
Following the courtroom order and widespread outcry, Besigye and Lutale have been transferred to a civilian courtroom on February 21. Besigye referred to as off his starvation strike. They continue to be in detention, as does their lawyer. Nevertheless, their switch with out launch, in a course of begun by an illegality, stays flawed. Regardless of the switch of their case, scores of extra civilians have their circumstances nonetheless pending earlier than army courts, with little hope that they are going to be transferred to civilian courts.
For that reason, 11 teams together with Amnesty Kenya, the Pan-African Legal professionals Union, the Regulation Society of Kenya, the Kenya Human Rights Fee and Kenya Medical Practitioners, Pharmacists, and Dentists Union (KMPDU) name for his or her speedy launch.
As Uganda approaches elections, it’s evident that the army courts are actually a device in President Museveni’s shed to be used to silence dissent. It’s time for Uganda to heed the Supreme Courtroom ruling – for now although, army justice is on trial, too.
The views expressed on this article are the writer’s personal and don’t essentially replicate Al Jazeera’s editorial stance.
